Mee 7, 2024
N'ime ọha mmadụ nke oge a, ịdị mma nke ikuku anyị na-eku ume aghọwo ihe dị egwu. Maka ndị anyị bi n'obodo ma ọ bụ n'ime ime obodo, ime obodo na okporo ụzọ awara awara na-akpụzi odida obodo na-ebute ihe ndị na-emerụ emerụ na ha. N'ime ime obodo, ọrụ ugbo nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na ọrụ ngwuputa na-emetụta ogo ikuku. Ka ọkụ na-ere ọkụ na-adị ogologo oge yana n'ebe ndị ọzọ, mpaghara niile na-ekpughere àgwà ikuku.
Ejikọtala mmetọ ikuku na ọtụtụ nsogbu ahụike. Mmetụta ahụike a kapịrị ọnụ na-adabere n'ụdị na ntinye nke mmetọ ikuku, mana Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa (WHO) na-eme atụmatụ na mmetọ ikuku nke ezinụlọ na gburugburu ebe obibi na-akpata ọnwụ nde 6.7 kwa afọ.
N'ime blọgụ a, anyị ga-enyocha mmetụta ahụike nke mmetọ ikuku na ụfọdụ n'ime ihe ndị a na-emekarị.
Kedu ka mmetọ ikuku si emetụta ahụike gị?
Ikuku na-adịghị mma na-eduga na ọnwụ akabeghị aka site na usoro dị iche iche na-emetụta usoro iku ume na obi. Ngosipụta na mmetọ ikuku nwere ike iduga ma nnukwu (na mberede na nke siri ike, ma ọ nwere ike dị mkpirikpi) na nke na-adịghị ala ala (nke nwere ike ịgwọ ọrịa, ọnọdụ ahụike na-eto eto ogologo oge) ọnọdụ ahụike. Nke a bụ ụzọ ụfọdụ mmetọ ikuku nwere ike isi bute ọnwụ:
Mfụfụ: Ịkpughe ihe ndị na-emetọ ikuku, dị ka particulate matter (PM) na ozone (O3), nwere ike ịkpata mbufụt nke sistem iku ume na akwara obi, yana akụkụ ahụ ndị ọzọ. Ọfụfụ a nwere ike ime ka ọrịa iku ume ka njọ dị ka ọrịa na-adịghị ala ala obstructive pulmonary (COPD) na nsogbu obi na-eduga ná nkụchi obi na ọrịa strok.
Mbelata ọrụ ngụgụ: ikpughe ogologo oge na ụfọdụ ihe mmetọ, ọkachasị mma particulate (PM2.5), nwere ike ime ka ọrụ ngụgụ dalata ka oge na-aga, na-eme ka ndị mmadụ nwee ike ibute ọrịa iku ume. PM2.5 nwekwara ike gafere ihe mgbochi ụbụrụ-ọbara wee mebie ụbụrụ
Mmụba ọbara mgbali: Ihe ndị na-emerụ emerụ, karịsịa site na mmetọ ikuku metụtara okporo ụzọ (TRAP) dị ka nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone na PM, ejikọtawo na mmụba ọbara mgbali elu, nke bụ ihe ize ndụ maka ọrịa obi.
Nhazi Atherosclerosis: ejikọtawo mmetọ ikuku nke ogologo oge na mmepe nke atherosclerosis (ịkwagide na mbelata nke akwara), na-ebute ọrịa obi dị ka nkụchi obi na ọrịa strok.
Nchegbu Oxidative: Ikpughe na ihe ndị na-emetọ ihe nwere ike ịkpata nrụgide oxidative, na-ebute mmebi nke mkpụrụ ndụ na anụ ahụ. Ejikọtala mmebi oxidative a na mmepe nke ọnọdụ ahụike dị iche iche, gụnyere ọrịa strok na ọrịa kansa. Ọ pụkwara ime ka usoro ịka nká nke ahụ dịkwuo ngwa
Ọrịa cancer: Maka ụfọdụ ndị mmadụ, ikpughe na mmetọ ikuku nwere ike ịkpata ọrịa cancer akpa ume dị ka ise siga. Ejikọtakwala mmetọ ikuku na ọrịa kansa ara
Mmụba nke ọnwụ akabeghị aka site na mmetọ ikuku na-ejikọta ya na ọrịa na-adịghị ala ala nke ikuku na-adịte aka na-akpata. Otú ọ dị, ọbụna ikpughe oge dị mkpirikpi nwere ike inwe mmetụta ọjọọ siri ike. Nnyocha e mere egosiwo na ndị nọ n'afọ iri na ụma ahụ ahụ́ siri ike na-enwe nkụda mmụọ na-adịghị akwụsị akwụsị n'ime awa ole na ole nke ikpughe mmetọ ikuku.
Nsogbu ahụike metụtara mkpughe mmetọ ikuku gụnyere mbufụt nke iku ume na akwara obi, mbelata ọrụ ngụgụ, mmụba ọbara mgbali, ike ike na mbelata nke akwara, mmebi cell na anụ ahụ, ọrịa kansa akpa ume na ọrịa ara ara.
Ya mere, anyị kwesịrị itinyekwu uche na ikuku, n'oge a ngwaahịa anyị ga-enye gị ikuku dị ọcha.
Ntụaka
1 Mmetọ ikuku nke ezinụlọ. (2023, Disemba 15). World Health Organization.https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/household-air-pollution-and-health.
2 Grunig G, Marsh LM, Esmaeil N, et al. Echiche: mmetọ ikuku gburugburu: nzaghachi mkpali na mmetụta na vasculature ngụgụ. Pulm Circ. 2014 Mar; 4 (1): 25-35 . doi:10.1086/674902.
3 Li W, Lin G, Xiao Z, et al. Nlebanya nke ihe dị mma na-ekuku ume (PM2.5) kpatara mmebi ụbụrụ. N'ihu Mol Neurosci. 2022 Septemba 7;15:967174 . doi:10.3389/fnmol.2022.967174.
4 Pizzino G, Irrera N, Cucinotta M, et al. Nchegbu Oxidative: Nsogbu na Uru Maka Ahụ Ike Mmadụ. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2017;2017:8416763 . doi:10.1155/2017/8416763.
5 Pro Publica. (2021, Nọvemba 2). Mmetọ ikuku nwere ike ịkpata ọrịa kansa? Ihe Ị Kwesịrị Ịma Banyere Ihe ize ndụ. Pro Publica.https://www.propublica.org/article/can-air-pollution-cause-cancer-risks.
6 Ọkwa dị elu nke mmetọ ikuku nke jikọtara ya na ụbara. (2023, Septemba 12). Ụlọ ọrụ ahụike mba (NIH).https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/high-levels-particulate-air-pollution-associated-increased-breast-cancer-incidence.
7 He F, Yanosky JD, Fernandez-Mendoza J, et al. Mmetụta dị egwu nke mmetọ ikuku dị mma na obi arrhythmias n'ime ihe nlere anya nke ndị mmadụ na-eto eto: Penn State Child Cohort. Njem nke Amer Heart Assoc. 2017 Jul 27.;11:e026370 . doi:10.1161/JAHA.122.026370.
8 Ọrịa kansa na mmetọ ikuku. (nd). Union for International Cancer Control.https://www.uicc.org/what-we-do/thematic-areas/cancer-and-air-pollution.
Ntụleghachi ikpeazụ nke National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Particulate Matter (PM). (2024, Febụwarị 7). US EPA.https://www.epa.gov/pm-pollution/final-reconsideration-national-ambient-air-quality-standards-particulate-matter-pm.
Oge nzipu: Mee-10-2024